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普林斯頓大學葛思德東亞圖書館 ・ プリンストン大学東アジア図書館 ・ 프린스턴 대학교 동아시아 도서관

Secret CJK: Where to find East Asian language tools in Microsoft Windows and Office 2007

Microsoft Windows contains a number of useful tools for inputting, editing, and formatting Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) text. This guide provides a basic tutorial for setting up CJK support on Windows, and also describes CJK features of MS Windows and Office that are undocumented or hard to find.

Main Topics:

• Setting up Windows for CJK compatibility
• Input Method Editor (IME) Features
• Microsoft Office 2007 CJK features

Table of Contents:

• Setting up Windows for CJK compatibility
  • Regional Settings
  • Language Packs
• Input Method Editor (IME) Features
  • General CJK features
    • Candidate lists
    • Software Keyboard
    • IME Pad
    • Custom dictionary
  • Chinese (PRC) IME
    • Language Bar
    • Input Methods
    • Input Options
  • Chinese (Taiwan) IME
    • Language Bar
    • Input Methods
    • Input Options
  • Japanese IME
    • Language Bar
    • Input Methods
    • Input Options
  • Korean IME
    • Language Bar
    • Input Methods and Options
• Microsoft Office 2007 CJK features
  • Preliminaries
    • How to set the Primary Editing Language (PEL)
    • How to add commands to the Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)
    • How to get rid of "garbage" characters
  • Character conversion
    • Simplified and Traditional Chinese
    • Hirigana and Katakana/Full-width and Half-width
    • Hangul and Hanja
    • Western and East Asian numbers
  • Layout
    • Add pronunciation guide (pinyin, furigana, etc.)
    • Vertical text
    • Resize characters to fit in a certain space
    • Enclose characters
    • Genko (character grid)
  • Search/replace
    • Approximate ("sounds like") searching in Japanese
    • Use Hangul to search for Hanja
    • Revise Korean case endings and copulas when replacing text
  • Editing
    • Translate text into another language
    • Set formatting rules for East Asian text
    • Perform special Korean spelling and grammar checks
    • Insert a traditional Japanese greeting in a letter

Before using the CJK features, you must set up CJK support (this is only necessary in XP, not in Vista or Windows 7). Go to the "Regional and language Options" control panel. Click the "Languages" tab, and make sure "Install Files for East Asian Languages" is checked . Checking this box will install East Asian fonts, dictionaries, and tools. Generally the box will already be checked if the operating system has been pre-installed. After checking this box, you will be required to insert your Windows Installation CD or point to an installation package on another disk or network. (If you are installing Windows yourself, you can also check this box during installation.) After installing the East Asian files, you should reinstall MS Office and any Language Packs to make sure all features are available.

Language Bar: Chinese (PRC)

After installing the East Asian Language files, you will want to enable the language bar, a special toolbar that allows you to change and configure the input language. The language bar can appear in the taskbar, or it can float in front of the active window in a location of your choice. The location can be toggled by clicking the maximize/minimize button in the upper right corner of the bar.

To enable the language bar, go to the "Regional and Language Options" control panel and click the "Languages" tab (in XP) or "Keyboards and languages" tab (in Vista). Then click "Details..." (in XP) or "Change Keyboards..." (in Vista). This will bring up a dialog where you can add languages to the language bar. For each language, you will choose an Input Method Editor (IME), a tool for entering text in a specific language. Usually the "Microsoft" IME is the appropriate one, though if you are using the Language Packs, you should select the "2007" version of the IME. You can also install more than one IME (especially useful if you use the Chinese (Taiwan) IME).

Clicking on the "Language Bar..." button （or tab) will give you a few more configuration options. "Show Language Bar on the Desktop" simply enables the language bar (Vista gives you the option to specify the location) . "Show language bar as transparent when inactive" does just that, but only if the language bar is floating. "Show additional language bar icons on the desktop" is good to keep checked, as it will make sure that you always have access to the full set of language bar features. "Show text labels in the language bar" will put a descriptive label next to each option, which can be useful, but also makes the language bar very large. Some choose to uncheck this option to keep the bar compact.

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Another regional setting is the system locale. The system locale determines the character encoding format used by the system. For most applications developed today, it is unnecessary to have a specific system locale, as the applications use Unicode, an encoding capable of representing most of the world's languages. However, legacy software may make use of some language-specific encodings. If an application displays CJK text as seemingly random strings of garbage characters, likely you need to change the system locale. To do so, you must be logged in as an administrator. Go to the "Advanced" tab (in XP) or "Administrative" tab (in Vista) and change the "Language for non-Unicode programs". You must restart your computer after changing this setting.

Since you must restart the computer each time this setting is changed, it may be inconvenient to use multiple programs in more than one CJK language. If this is your situation, you might consider installing Microsoft's AppLocale utility, which allows you to create special shortcuts that will change the system locale for specific applications. The utility can be found here:

http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/tools/apploc.mspx

Note that AppLocale does not work with some applications. If it doesn't, you can still try adjusting the system locale. In general, changing the locale is a good thing to try if you are experiencing problems with a CJK program, even if the characters seem to display correctly. There may be some internal data that is being interpreted incorrectly and causing a problem.

Click here for information on getting rid of garbage characters in emails and documents.

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http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/suites/FX102113661033.aspx

The Language Packs are $24.95 per language, though Simplified and Traditional Chinese are considered two separate "languages". This distinction isn't really accurate, as the two Language Packs are actually for the "Chinese (PRC)" and "Chinese (Taiwan)" IMEs, which both have the capability of entering text in Simplified or Traditional characters. However, both Language Packs would be needed to use extended dictionaries, Chinese user interfaces, and help documentation in both Simplified and Traditional characters.

Language Packs are available for MS Office 2003 as well, though they are known as "Proofing Tools". Microsoft no longer publishes the Proofing Tools, but you can purchase the entire set of Proofing Tools from the OIT Software Store for $64.00.

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Below the CJK IMEs are described in detail. In order to illustrate all possible features, the "2007" versions of the IMEs are described, which are the versions available in the Language Packs. Even without the Language Packs, the basic functionality of the IMEs is about the same, but certain features may be missing. Significant differences between the 2007 and earlier versions are described where relevant.

General CJK features

Candidate List in Chinese (PRC) IME

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IME Pad

IME Pad with options menu opened

Several of the IMEs contain an "IME Pad" tool. This tool consists of several "applets" that allow you to enter characters using dictionary-style lookup or by drawing characters with the mouse. After opening the IME Pad, you can configure it by clicking on the icon in the upper left corner of the window, which opens the options menu. "IME Pad Properties" will allow you to set the language of the IME Pad and configure what buttons appear and where (In the accompanying image, the "Applet bar" is the set of tools on the left side of the window, the "Basic buttons" are just to to the right of the main window, and the "Extended buttons" are furthest to the right). From the "Applet Menu", you can select which IME Pad tool to use and get help for any of the applets. By clicking "User Settings..." you can determine which applets appear in the applet bar.

The IME Pad applets fall into three basic categories:

• Stroke Input: A directory of characters organized by number of strokes
• Radical Input: A directory of characters organized first by radical, then by stroke order. A radical is a common character component usually appearing on the left or top side of the character. The radicals themselves are organized by stroke order.
• Handwriting: Characters can be drawn with the mouse (or other pointing device). The IME then presents a list of possible characters. In the Japanese and Korean versions, kana and hangul also appear as candidates.

One can use applets for one language in the IME Pad for another. This is particularly useful in Chinese, as the PRC IME does not have a handwriting applet but the Taiwan IME does, and it it can be used to enter Simplified or Traditional characters. To use the handwriting applet in the Chinese (PRC) IME, open the control panel at "Applet Menu > User Settings..." and click on the "Show Applets for all IME" button if it is present. Then select the applets you want to use and click "Add" for each one (the Taiwanese handwriting applet is called "Handwriting (zh-tw)"). They should now appear in the applet toolbar. (If the Language Packs are installed, then the Chinese (PRC) IME will have its own handwriting applet).

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The User Defined Phrase Tool has two tabs, one for "Self-learned phrases" and the other for "User-defined phrases". The IME "self-learns" a phrase if the user has entered it at least 3 times and it is not already in the dictionary. One can add these phrases to the list of "user-defined phrases" which means that keyboard shortcuts can be assigned to them. User-defined phrases can also be added directly. Note that without the Language Packs, only the "User-defined Phrases' section is available, and it does not allow you to assign keyboard shortcuts, only to add phrases to the candidate lists.

The keyboard shortcuts for user-defined phrases do not use the CTRL or ALT keys, but are simply sequences of characters chosen by the user. For example, one might assign the phrase "普林斯頓大學葛思德東亞圖書館" the shortcut "gest". To use such a phrase, one only needs to type a special trigger sequence, followed by the shortcut. The trigger sequence is `Z in the Chinese (PRC) IME, or `P in the Chinese (Taiwan) IME (note the first character is the "back-tick", found to the left of the "1" key on a standard keyboard). So, one would type `Zgest or `Pgest, respectively, to enter that phrase.

The Chinese 2007 IMEs also contain a tool called "Register word", which provides an alternate way of entering user-defined phrases. It also allows you to send the new phrase as a suggestion to Microsoft to include in future releases of the IME dictionary.

Another command in the 2007 IME is the "Mis-conversion report tool". If the IME is configured to do so, it will make a record of all of the times you correct the default conversion performed by the IME. With this tool, you can choose to send a set of these corrections to Microsoft, to improve the accuracy of future versions of the IME. You can pare down the list of terms to if you do not wish to send all of them.

Also, note that the "ABC Input Style" in the Chinese (PRC) IME has its own custom dictionary, and cannot use the dictionaries of other IMEs. To enter a phrase from that dictionary, simply precede the shortcut with "u" (no backtick necessary).

The dictionary tools in Japanese are similar in form but different in function. There are no self-learned phrases or keyboard shortcuts; defining a user phrase simply means it will appear in candidate lists. The "Add word" tool asks you to enter a display form (the "final version", including any kanji), and the reading form (hirigana or romaji), as well as the part of speech (which will assist the IME's prediction power). If the Language Packs are not installed, the dictionary tool includes an "Add Entry" tab that allows you to define longer phrases in which two words are connected by a particle. It also includes a "Conversion Training Wizard" which allows the user to import a text file representing his or her typical writing style. This will help the IME make more accurate conversion predictions for that user. Mis-converted phrases must be sent one at a time (though one can configure the IME to send the data automatically after each correction).

The Korean dictionary is even more straightforward. There is just one command to add phrases to the dictionary, and this simply causes new entries to appear in the Hangul to Hanja conversion tool in Microsoft Office. The dictionary can be customized further from Office. Note that if the Language Packs are not installed, the "Create Hanja Word" button does not appear in the language, but the Hanja dictionary can still be modified from Microsoft Office.

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• Language
• Correction
• IME selector: Use Microsoft Pinyin IME 2007, if available.
• Input Style: See Input Methods below for details
• Chinese/English: Toggle between the two languages
• Full/Half width: Determined whether alphanumeric characters are the same width as Chinese characters (fullwidth) or the width they would normally be in other fonts (halfwidth).
• Asian/Western punctuation: Toggle between the two punctuation styles.
• Character Set: Simplified, Traditional, or Extended. The Extended character set is available only if the Language Packs are installed, and contains rare characters. When using this character set, the candidate list contains both Simplified and Traditional forms, but the Traditional forms appear much further down in the candidate list, and do not appear in compound words.
• Software Keyboard
• IME Pad
• Options Menu: Contains the Options control panel and tools for editing the custom dictionary.
• Help

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The most common method of typing Chinese is to enter pinyin directly, which the IME will then convert to characters. The "Input Style" menu in the language bar offers three options. Note that without the Language Packs installed, there is only one input style, the "classic" one described below. Note that in all of these input methods, the vowel ü is represented by v. So, the character路 would be written entered as "lu", but 绿 would be entered as "lv". However, the character 略 could be entered as either "lue" or "lve".

• New Experience Input Style: Phrases are automatically converted to Chinese characters as you type. Unconverted pinyin will have a solid underline, and suggested characters will have a dotted underline. To change a character, use the arrow keys to navigate back to the character and view a candidate list. Pressing the left arrow key or SPACEBAR will force all unconverted pinyin to be converted to characters. ENTER will finalize everything (unconverted pinyin will not be converted to characters). DELETE will delete individual characters. A character can be converted back to pinyin (bringing up a candidate menu), by placing the cursor to the left of it and pressing the ` key, or placing the cursor to the right of it and pressing SHIFT+BACKSPACE.
• Classic Input Style: Similar to New Experience, except that conversion occurs character by character (as opposed to phrase by phrase). Already converted characters may change based on characters entered afterwards.
• ABC Input Style: Conversion does not occur automatically, but only when SPACEBAR is pressed. The arrow keys cannot be used to navigate Chinese characters after conversion. DELETE will delete alphanumeric text, but for Chinese text, it will reconvert the last phrase back to pinyin and bring up a candidate list for the previous phrase. ABC Input Style includes a number of other shortcuts:
  • "i" followed by a number will produce the Chinese form of that number. Use a capital "I" for financial forms.
  • After a phrase has been converted to characters, type "[" to truncate the phrase to the first character. Type "]" to truncate to the last character. This can sometimes be a quick way of entering a character without having to go through a lengthy candidate list. You can simply type in a phrase that includes that character, then get rid of the other characters in the phrase.
  • "u" followed by some text will treat the text as a shortcut in the user dictionary.
  • "v" followed by a phrase will suppress conversion to characters.
• Code Inputs: A character can also be entered by Unicode or GB codepoint. To do so, go to the Options menu and select "Secondary inputs" and then the desired input method. A shortcut is to type "`G" or "`U" followed by a number, for GB and Unicode, respectively (note: not available if "ABC Input Style" is selected).

Directly typing out the pinyin spelling of each character is known as "Full Pinyin" entry. There are some other types of pinyin entry as well, which may be enabled in the Options control panel:

• Fuzzy Pinyin: Candidate lists will contain characters that sound approximately like the entered pinyin. For example, the candidate list for "zhong" will also contain characters pronounced "zong". The specific "fuzzy" pinyin sequences that are considered equivalent may be configured in the Options control panel.
• Simplified Pinyin (aka Incomplete Input): Only the initial sound of each syllable needs to be entered. For example, "zhg" is converted to "中国," and "dj" to "大家."
• Full Pinyin with Mixed English (aka Modeless Input) : Words which are clearly not pinyin (e.g. "Schwartz") are not converted.
• Double Pinyin: Each character is entered using two keys -- one for the initial sound, the other for the final sound. This is potentially a faster method, but one must memorize a new keyboard layout. The layout can be viewed (and customized) in the Options control panel.

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• General tab
  • Input Style: Here you can select which input style the IME uses by default, and also whether the New Experience input style displays a candidate list by default. If that box is unchecked, then a candidate will be chosen automatically. However, you can also use tone numbers (1-5) after a pinyin syllable, which narrows down the list of candidates. The candidate list may still be brought up by pressing the left arrow button after a phrase is converted.
  • Pinyin Mode: See above for the distinction between full and double pinyin
  • Chinese/English Input Switching Key: This key will toggle the Chinese/English and punctuation options in the language bar.
• MSPY New Experience & Classic Input Style tab
  • Pinyin Style:Here you can choose the type of full pinyin input that is used (regular, simplified, or mixed English; see above for descriptions of these methods). You can also customize the double pinyin keyboard and the fuzzy pinyin pairs.
  • Candidate Style:Here you can select the orientation of the candidate lists. If you select "Word prediction", the candidate list will also contain common phrases that begin with the characters you have typed. If you select "show pinyin candidate", then, after conversion, the original pinyin will also appear in the candidate window if you backtrack.
  • Character Set: The character set used by default in the IME.
  • Dictionary Setting: If you enable "self-learning", then when the user corrects the conversion of a phrase to something not in the dictionary, that new phrase will be included in future candidate lists. Enabling "user-defined phrases" allows you to use custom keyboard shortcuts for common phrases. "Domain lexicons" are special dictionaries in specific subject areas.
  • [Enter] Key Function: Determines whether the ENTER key invokes the conversion (like the spacebar), or finalizes the conversion.
• ABC Input Style tab
  • Input Setting: "Candidate order adjusting" will move frequently used characters up on the candidate list over time (though not immediately). Enabling "stroke input" allows you to enter text with a combination of pinyin and stroke numbers, as explained in the help under "Using ABC input style > Basic input rules > Stroke Input".
  • User-defined phrase: This will allow the user to define keyboard shortcuts for common phrases. These can be invoked by typing "u" before the shortcut.

Without the Language Packs, the Chinese (PRC) IME is called the "Microsoft Pinyin IME 3.0". Its options control panel only has a "General" tab and another tab showing the Double pinyin layout. Some of the options that differ from the 2007 IME are

• Conversion Mode: If "sentence" is selected, characters are converted as you type. If "word" is selected, characters are not converted until the spacebar is pressed.
• Candidate Option: In addition to setting the orientation of the character list, you can also select "Prompt step by step", which will cause a candidate list to appear immediately after you type a valid syllable. So, for example, if you type "huan", you will first see candidates for "hu", then "hua", then "huan" as you type. If unchecked, the candidate list only appears when you start typing the next character.

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• Language
• Correction
• IME selector: See "Input Methods" below for details
• Chinese/English: Toggle between the two languages
• Full/Half width: For alphanumeric characters
• IME Pad
• User Phrase: Opens a dialog for entering new words in the custom dictionary.
• Register Word: Adds highlighted word or phrase to the custom dictionary (and, optionally, sends it to Microsoft for possible inclusion in future versions of the system dictionary).
• Options Control Panel
• Option Menu: Contains the Soft Keyboard
• Help

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From the "IME Selector" menu, the following methods may be chosen (though these must all be installed separately in language bar setup):

• New Phonetic: Phonetic input system that allows you to use Pinyin or Bopomofo. Conversion occurs character-by-character, as in the Classic Input Style in the Chinese (PRC) IME. Note that ü is represented by the letter v only if it is the only vowel in a syllable. So, 绿 would be entered as "lv", but 略 must be entered as "lue".
• Hong Kong Cantonese: Phonetic input system using Cantonese Jyupting spelling .
• New Cangjie (aka ChangJie) : Non-phonetic input system in which characters are built up from basic character components, which are mapped to the keyboard. After typing in a set of components, press the spacebar to convert, and use the left arrow key to bring up a candidate list if necessary. Details of the system can be found here.
• New Quick: A form of Changjie in which one only needs to enter the first and last component. Though you will likely need to choose the first character in a phrase from a large candidate list, subsequent characters are chosen based on context, so that the most likely characters are near the top of the candidate list.
• Dayi: Another component-based input system, similar to Changjie but with a different keyboard layout. See here for details.

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If the Language Packs are not installed, the default IME is the "Microsoft New Phonetic IME 2002". Its options control panel only has two tabs: "Setting" and "Keyboard mapping". The "Setting" tab allows you to select between an "Intelligent" IME (which will choose characters based on context) and a "Legacy" IME (which doesn't). In the Legacy IME you must press the spacebar after every character. However, selecting "Legacy" will also activate the "Query input code" list, which contains a number of component-based input methods. These cannot be used for input in the Phonetic IME (you must install those IMEs separately). However, if one of the systems in this list is selected, then after entering a character, its decomposition in that system will be shown. The Legacy IME will also allow you to select "Associate phrase", which after each character will display a list of characters that it predicts will come next.

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• Language
• Correction
• IME selector: Use Microsoft Office IME 2007, if available.
• Input Mode: Choose whether to enter Hirigana/Kanji, Katakana, or alphanumeric, and whether to enter full or half-width characters.
• Conversion Mode: Control the kinds of "guesses" made by the IME when it is converting Hirigana to Kanji. "Bias for Names" will put names near the top of the candidate list. "Bias for Speech" will give greater weight to colloquialisms (including emoticons, symbols). You can also choose to not convert Hirigana to Kanji at all.
• IME Pad: Note that unlike other IME's, the Soft Keyboard is accessed within the IME Pad.
• Tools: A menu containing some of the other commands on the language bar. This can be used to save space if you do not need all of the commands right on the language bar.
• Add Word: Opens a dialog that allows you to add additional entries to the Kanji dictionary.
• Properties: Opens the options control panel for the Japanese IME.
• Dictionary Tool: Opens a tool for creating or editing the Kanji dictionaries.
• CAPS: Like the CAPS LOCK key, makes all alphanumeric characters uppercase .
• KANA: Changes the input method to one in which each key is used to type an individual kana. The keyboard layout is similar to (though not exactly the same as) the JIS keyboard layout. The accompanying diagram shows how hirigana (and the corresponding katakana) are mapped to a US keyboard.
• Help

Japanese Kana Keyboard Layout (click to enlarge)

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• General tab
  • Input Settings: Configures punctuation and spacing styles. Also configures which character set and input method are used by default.
  • Editing Operation and Behavior : The Key Template is a set of keyboard shortcuts used for various entry tasks (bring up candidate list, convert to katakana, etc.). These can be customized, or changed to one of a number of templates used in Japan (ATOK, VJE, WX). These templates are described in detail in the IME Help, under the section "Key Operations and Parts of Speech".
  • The Romaji template determines which sequences of Latin characters are mapped to kana. The Color template determines the coloring and underline styles used in the IME. Both of these can be customized.
• Conversion tab
  • Conversion Settings: Configures how the IME "guesses" when converting hirigana. One can bias the IME toward proper nouns or colloquialisms. One can enable "Context-sensitive conversion", which will select kanji based on nearby text. Click the "Advanced..." button to configure how okurigana are treated.
  • View Comments: Determine what information is shown in the glosses that appear in candidate lists.
• Mixed Japanese/English tab
  • "Allow conversion in Alphanumeric input mode": Allows you to convert Latin text to katakana (and bring up a candidate menu for further conversion) by pressing SHIFT+SPACE after entering text.
  • "Automatically convert target string to alphanumeric": Auto-conversion will default to alphanumeric when certain character sequences are entered ("http://" for example). The list of trigger phrases can be customized.
• Dictionary/Auto-Tuning tab
  • Auto-tuning: Auto-tuning will cause the candidate list to display the phrases that you use most often.
  • Custom Dictionary: Allows you to edit the dictionary of terms created by "Add Word..."
  • System Dictionary: Allows you determine the general categories of words that should be included in the candidate lists, and determine whether they are given preference by "Bias for Names" or "Bias for Speech".
• Auto-correct tab: The options here allow you automatically perform common substitutions as you type, such as replacing Asian punctuation marks with Western ones, and always setting certain characters and punctuation to full or half-width.
• Predictive Input tab (Language Pack Required): This setting allows the IME to suggest what it thinks you are about to type, based on what you have already typed. This can be useful if you use certain long phrases frequently. If the input history is saved to memory, it is cleared when the program is closed. If it is saved to a file, it is preserved until you click "Clear Input History".
• Others tab (Language Pack Required): Here you can decide whether to display menus and dialogs in Japanese or English, and also restore the IME to its original factory settings. The "Confirm Default keyboard" option, if checked, will display an annoying confirmation dialog every time you switch to the Japanese IME, asking if you want to make Japanese the default keyboard. You probably want to leave this box unchecked.

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• Language
• Correction
• IME selector: Use Microsoft Office IME 2007, if available.
• Toggle between Latin text and hangul/hanja: The input mode can also be toggled with the right ALT key.
• Convert to Hanja: After highlighting some hangul text, clicking this button will bring up the candidate menu.
• Software Keyboard: Useful for entering hangul if you are not familiar with the beolsik keyboard layouts.
• IME Pad
• Add Hanja Word: Opens a dialog that allows you to add additional entries to the Hangul-to-Hanja dictionary.
• Help

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Hangul may be converted to hanja in a few different ways. One can highlight the hangul text to be converted, or simply place the cursor to the right of the text (this will convert all text back to the previous space). After selecting some text, press the right CONTROL button to invoke the Hangul-Hanja Conversion dialog (Korean Language Pack required). One can also click the correction or hanja icons in the language bar, which simply bring up a candidate list. Right-clicking the selected text will display a few hanja options in the context menu.

To bring up the options window for the Korean IME, click the small white arrow in the bottom right corner of the language bar, then select "Settings...". Select the Korean IME, then click "Properties...". The settings are as follows:

• Keyboard Type: Different ways of laying out Jaso on the keyboard. "2 beolsik" is the most straightforward layout and most commonly used. "3 beolsik" keyboards are claimed to be more ergonomic and have a few extra shortcuts for consonant clusters. To learn about the differences in detail, see the Wikipedia entry . You can also use the Soft keyboard to see the keyboard layout and enter jaso.
• Delete by Jaso unit: If checked, the delete key will delete individual jaso letters, rather than entire hangul syllables.
• Enable extended (or KS C 5657) Hanja: Makes more hanja available on candidate lists.

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This section describes special CJK tools available in Microsoft Office 2007. Many of these tools are available in Office 2003 or XP as well. Some tools are only available after installing the Language Packs.

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How to add commands to the Quick Access Toolbar (QAT)

Quick Access Toolbar above the ribbon

If you use more than one CJK language frequently, using the above method can be inconvenient, because you will constantly have to change the PEL. Another way of accessing commands not on the ribbon is to add them to the Quick Access Toolbar (QAT). The QAT may appear above or below the ribbon, and has a few small icons for commonly used commands, such as Save (floppy disk icon). To add more commands to the QAT, do the following:

1. Click the downward-pointing arrow on the right side of the QAT, and select "More Commands...".
2. In the "Choose commands from:" drop-down menu, select "All Commands".
3. For each command you are interested in adding, select it and then click the "Add >>" button.
4. When you are done, click "OK".

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How to get rid of "garbage" characters

For applications, you can use AppLocale or change the system locale. Click here for details. By running an document editor with the appropriate locale, you can get rid of garbage characters in its documents.

Another approach is to try to open a document in Microsoft Office, which will often attempt to figure out the encoding of a document and convert it to Unicode automatically. If it does not recognize the encoding, it may display a dialog asking you to choose one. If Office displays the document incorrectly and does not allow you to choose another encoding, you can force it to display the dialog by going to Office Menu > Word Options > Advanced > General and checking "Confirm File Format Conversion on Open". You could also try changing the Primary Editing Language. This will cause Office to choose an encoding specific to that language for documents it cannot convert.

One often runs into encoding problems in Outlook, since emails come from a variety of different sources. If you receive an email that does not display directly, double-click the message to open it in a separate window. Then, go to "Actions > Other Actions > Encoding" and choose an encoding from the list. You may need to try all of the encodings specific to your language as well as all of the Unicode encodings before you stumble upon the right one. Furthermore, sometimes you must switch to a different encoding, then switch back to the encoding that was originally selected to get the message to display correctly! (This is a bug in Outlook that still needs to be fixed.)

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Simplified and Traditional Chinese

Where to find it:
     Excel and PowerPoint: Review Tab > Chinese Translation
     Word and Outlook: The same location, but only if the PEL is set to Chinese. You can add any of the three commands to the QAT.

There are three commands in this box: "Simplified", "Traditional", and "Translate with Options". The first two convert Chinese text to Simplified or Traditional Characters, respectively. The third opens a dialog box that asks you to choose which character set to convert to, and gives three more options:

• Use Taiwan, Hong Kong SAR, and Macao SAR character variants: Checking this will convert certain characters to variant Traditional forms used in these regions (for example, PRC's "异" vs. Taiwan's "異").
• Translate Common Terms: Checking this will not only convert the characters, but also translate certain technical terms to their PRC or Taiwanese synonyms (for example, PRC's "计算机" versus Taiwan's "電腦").
• Custom Dictionary: Allows the user to add to the "Common Terms" dictionary. Dictionary entries can be made "bidirectional", which means that the variant can also be converted back to the original term. Custom dictionaries can also be imported or exported in CSV format.

The "Change Case" icon

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Hirigana and Katakana/Full-width and Half-width

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Hangul and Hanja

The "Hangul Hanja Conversion" icon

*Korean Language Pack Required

Where to find it:
     Word and PowerPoint: Review Tab > Proofing > Hangul Hanja Conversion
     Excel: The same location, but only in ribbon if PEL is set to Korean. Can also be added to the QAT.
     Outlook: Not in ribbon, but can be added to the QAT.

This conversion can be done in either direction, and can be used with characters entered using the Chinese or Japanese IMEs as well. After selecting some text, click the "漢" icon, which will bring up a dialog with some suggested transliterations. Click on the small book to see dictionary definitions of the characters. You can choose to replace the selected text directly, or put one version of the text in parentheses beside the other.

If you click "More", you can configure some advanced settings. When converting hangul to hanja, you can add new entries to the list of suggestions by clicking the "Add New Word" button, and then selecting the desired hanja. To construct a custom sequence of hanja without adding it to the dictionary, simply click the "By Character" button. Clicking the "Options..." button will give a few more configuration options. If you check, "Ignore Hangul endings", the converter will not include case endings in the conversion. This dialog is also where you can import a custom hanja dictionary. The dictionary file is in a proprietary format and can only be edited using the "Add New Word" and "Delete Word" buttons, but one could export a dictionary file to another computer.

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Western and East Asian Numbers

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Layout

Pronunciation Guide (pinyin, furigana, etc.)

The "Phonetic Guide" icon

Where to find it:
     Word: Home tab > Font > Phonetic Guide
     Excel: Home tab > Font > Phonetic Guide
     Outlook: Format Text tab > Font > Phonetic Guide
     PowerPoint: Not available.

The "Phonetic Guide" icon is an italicized capital "A" with a small "abc" above it. This command allows the user to add a pronunciation guide for Chinese characters or Japanese Kanji. The kind of pronunciation guide depends on the "language" that the program considers the text to be. Chinese (PRC) uses Hanyu Pinyin, Chinese (Taiwan) uses Zhuyin Fuhao (Bopomofo), and Japanese uses furigana. You can see what language the text is classified as by highlighting the text and looking at the lower left corner of the status bar. You can classify the text as another language by clicking on the language name and selecting another from the menu.

Technically, this command can add a phonetic guide to any kind of text. However, Chinese and Japanese are the only languages where the phonetic guide is added automatically. For Korean Hanja, or any non-CJK script, the transliterations must be entered by hand in the command dialog.

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Vertical Text

The "Orientation" icon in Excel

Where to find it:
     Word: Page Layout Tab > Page Setup > Text Direction
     Excel: Home tab > Alignment > Orientation
     PowerPoint and Outlook: Not available.

This menu allows you to set the text direction and orientation for CJK text, as well as other text embedded in CJK text. Commands selected from this menu are applied to the whole document. If you select "Text Direction Options..." from the menu, you can choose to apply the changes to the whole document, a specific section, selected text, or for all text entered from a certain point forward (that option only appears if no text is selected). If a text direction is only applied to part of a page, that text will be separated into its own page. To change text direction within a page, see "Horizontal in Vertical" under "Resize Characters" below. The "rotate all text" options are only available for text boxes.

Excel also has a limited version of the text alignment tool, which allows you to orient text vertically within a specific cell.

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Resize characters

The "Asian Layout" icon

Where to find it:
     Word: Home tab > Paragraph > Asian Layout
     Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook: Not available.

The "Asian Layout" icon is a wide capital "A" with two arrows above it. This icon opens up a menu with several commands for compressing text. These commands can be applied to highlighted text, but in some cases, text can also be entered within the command dialog itself.

• Horizontal in Vertical: Allows you to change the text orientation of a specific selection. This differs somewhat from the "Text Direction" command mentioned above in that it will not create separate pages for text with a different orientation.
• Combine Characters: Will combine several characters into the space of one character, usually putting the characters in two rows within a single line. Cannot combine more than six characters.
• Two Lines in One: Like the previous command, will create two rows of characters within a single line of text. However, it is not limited to six characters and the resulting text may be more than one character width.
• Fit Text: Allows you to define the absolute width of a text selection. If the width is shorter than the selection, the characters will be compressed. If it is wider, the spacing between characters will be increased, but the characters themselves will remain at normal width.
• Character Scaling: Allows you to directly adjust the width of a text selection as a percentage of the standard width. If the width is set to more than %100, individual characters will be stretched out. By clicking "More...", you can see a preview, and specify the character spacing, font and other options.

The "Enclosed Text" icon

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Enclosed Characters

Where to find it:
     Word: Home tab > Font > Enclosed Characters
     Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook: Not available.

The "Enclosed Text" icon is a 字 with a circle around it. This command allows you to enclose a character in a border shaped like a circle, square, diamond, or triangle. This command may only be used for a single character. You cannot select a string of text and enclose it all at once.

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Genko (Character Grid)

*At least one of tne of the East Asian Language Packs must be installed

Where to find it:
     Word: Page Layout Tab > Genko Setting. This command will be disabled unless the PEL is set to Japanese. This is true even if the command is added to the QAT.
     Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook: Not available.

This command allows you to superimpose a grid on the document so that CJK characters are laid out in a traditional format. The Genko formatting may be applied to existing text, or to a blank document that is later filled in. If you wish to use vertical text, this must be set with the "Text Direction" command before the Genko settings are applied.

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Search/Replace

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*Korean Language Pack Required

By checking the "Hanja with phonetic Hangul" option, hangul can be used to search for ideographic characters that are pronounced the same way in Korean. The reverse it not true -- ideographic characters cannot be used to search for hangul.

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Revise Korean case endings and copulas when replacing text

*Korean Language Pack Required

Korean uses case endings, the form of which depends on the word they are affixed to. By checking "Revise Hangul Endings", replacing Korean endings will automatically correct the case endings to the proper form. This is also true of forms of the verb "to be" that depend on context.

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Editing Text

Translate text into another language

*Language Packs Required to enable ScreenTips

Where to find it:
     Word, Excel and Powerpoint: Review Tab > Proofing > Translate
     Outlook: Message tab > Proofing > Translate

After highlighting some text, click the "Translate" button to open the Reference sidebar. There, you can specify the source and target language for the translation. Office will then look up the phrase in an online dictionary. This can be done for both individual words and longer phrases. In Word and Outlook, you can also perform this command by highlighting some text, right-clicking it, then selecting "Translate > Translate..." from the context menu.

If you have installed a Language Pack, you can also enable ScreenTips for that language in Word or Outlook. With ScreenTips enabled, you can view a translation for a term simply by placing the cursor over it. ScreenTips can be enabled from the "Proofing" section of the Review tab, or the "Translate" section of the context menu. ScreenTips should be set to the language you would like to translate into.

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Set formatting rules for East Asian Text

*Language Packs Required to use this feature in Word (can use in PowerPoint without Language Packs)

Where to find it:
     Word and Powerpoint: Office menu > Word (or PowerPoint) Options... > Typography
     Excel and Outlook: Not available

Since East Asian languages are often written without many spaces, it is necessary to set some special rules for where to create line breaks. In Word and Outlook, this control panel allows you to determine which characters should not appear right before or after a line break. In Word, there are some additional options for Kerning (removing extra space between narrow characters) and removing extra space around punctuation and Japanese kana.

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Perform special Korean spelling and grammar checks

*Korean Language Pack Required

Where to find it:
     All Applications : Office menu > Options... > Proofing

In the "Proofing" control panel, one can find three special options for Korean grammar and spell checking. To treat attached supplementary verbs and adjectives as correct, select "Combine aux verb/adj". To recommend correct expressions as alternatives to incorrect ones, select "Search misused word list". To treat compound nouns as correct, select "Process compound nouns".

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Insert a Japanese Greeting in a Letter

Where to find it:
     Word and Outlook : Insert tab > Text > Japanese Greetings
     Excel and PowerPoint: Not available.

This command opens a dialog that allows you to insert a variety of traditional Japanese salutations, openings, and closings into a document.

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